Advanced Microprocessor & Interfacing

General Purpose Registers:-   8086 Microprocessors has 8 general purpose registers, each register has its own name: AX :- the accumulator register (divided into AH/AL) BX :- the base address register (divided into BH/BL) CX :- the count register (divided into CH/CL) DX :- the data register (divided into DH/DL) SI :- source index register DI :- destination index register BP :- base pointer. SP :- stack pointer. Segment Register:- CS :- pointer at the segment containing the current program. DS :- generally points at segment where variables are defined. ES :- extra segment register, its up to coder to define its usage. SS :- points at the segment containing the stak Special Purpose registers:- IP :- the instruction pointer. Flags Register :- determines the current state of the processor. The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) contains the following registers::- IP - the Instruction Pointer CS - the Code Segment Register DS - the Data Segment Register SS - the Stack Segment Register ES - the Ext...

  Flag Register The  flags are  a 16-bit register containing 9 one-bit flags. The figure gives the diagrammatic representation of the flag register. D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X/U X/U X/U X/U OF DF IF TF SF ZF X/U AC X/U PF X/U CF Control Flag Overflow Flag  (OF):- This flag is set if an overflow occurs. I.e. if the result of a signed operation is large (too large positive number or too small negative number) enough to be accommodated in a destination register. Direction Flag  (DF):- This is used by string manipulation instructions. If this flag bit is ‘0’, the string is processed beginning from the lowest address to the highest address. I.e. auto-incrementing mode. Otherwise, the string is processed from the highest address towards the lowest address, i.e. auto-decrementing mode . Interrupt-enable Flag  (IF): – If this flag is set, the maskable interrupts are recognized by the CPU. Otherwise they are ignored. Single-step Flag...

  Assignment-1 Q1. Draw the pin diagram of 8086 microprocessor and explain the function of each pin. Q2. Explain the internal hardware architecture of 8086 microprocessor with a neat diagram. Q3. Explain the 8086 instructions used for transferring data among registers, memory, stack and I/O devices. Q4. Explain data transfer, arithmetic and logical group instructions of 8086 microprocessor. Q5. Explain the string instruction. Q6. Explain the Addressing Modes. Q7. Explain the assembler directives and operators. Q8. Explain the Minimum Mode configuration of 8086 Microprocessor. Q8. Explain the Maximum Mode configuration of 8086 Microprocessor. Q9. Given the Comparative study of salient features of 8086, 80286 and 80386. Q10. Draw & discuss the timing diagram. Q11. Explain the memory interfacing. Q12. What are the different interrupt of 8086 Microprocessor. Assignment-2 Q1. Give system bus architecture of 8086. Q2. Explain the Maximum mode configuration? Q3. What are the different...

MICROPROCESSOR - 8086 INSTRUCTION SETS The first generation of computer language was the machine language in which to get an operation from the microprocessor it was to be instructed by supplying a sequence of zeros (0) and ones (1), but remembering the binary code for different operations was cumbersome. So some symbolic names called 'mnemonic' were developed which are easy to remember by the programmer. These mnemonics are called the instructions of the microprocessor. The set of different mnemonics used for programming the microprocessor are called the instruction set, and the language using the mnemonics is called assembly language. The instruction set of the 8086 fall under the following groups according to their functionality. The 8086 microprocessor supports 8 types of instructions − 1.        Data Transfer Instructions 2.        Arithmetic Instructions 3.        Logical Instructions  O...